Oralten Troche may be available in the countries listed below.
Ingredient matches for Oralten Troche
Clotrimazole is reported as an ingredient of Oralten Troche in the following countries:
- Israel
International Drug Name Search
Oralten Troche may be available in the countries listed below.
Clotrimazole is reported as an ingredient of Oralten Troche in the following countries:
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Tenoxicam Etyc may be available in the countries listed below.
Tenoxicam is reported as an ingredient of Tenoxicam Etyc in the following countries:
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Colivet may be available in the countries listed below.
In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Colistin sulfate (a derivative of Colistin) is reported as an ingredient of Colivet in the following countries:
Neomycin sulfate (a derivative of Neomycin) is reported as an ingredient of Colivet in the following countries:
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CatabonHi may be available in the countries listed below.
Dopamine hydrochloride (a derivative of Dopamine) is reported as an ingredient of CatabonHi in the following countries:
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Phenylephrine Minims may be available in the countries listed below.
Phenylephrine is reported as an ingredient of Phenylephrine Minims in the following countries:
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Flurbiprofen sodium salt (a derivative of Flurbiprofen) is reported as an ingredient of Flurbiprofen Sodium Ophthalmic Solution in the following countries:
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Ritin may be available in the countries listed below.
Loratadine is reported as an ingredient of Ritin in the following countries:
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Piperital may be available in the countries listed below.
Piperacillin sodium salt (a derivative of Piperacillin) is reported as an ingredient of Piperital in the following countries:
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Doxycycline CF may be available in the countries listed below.
Doxycycline monohydrate (a derivative of Doxycycline) is reported as an ingredient of Doxycycline CF in the following countries:
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Nalidixic Acid Malpharm may be available in the countries listed below.
Nalidixic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Nalidixic Acid Malpharm in the following countries:
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Kontagripp Sandoz may be available in the countries listed below.
Ibuprofen is reported as an ingredient of Kontagripp Sandoz in the following countries:
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Mova nitrat pipette may be available in the countries listed below.
Silver Nitrate is reported as an ingredient of Mova nitrat pipette in the following countries:
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Relieving inflammation and itching of the skin.
Desoximetasone Cream is a topical adrenocortical steroid. The precise way it works is unclear, but it is thought to reduce skin inflammation (redness, swelling, itching, and irritation) by stopping the production of certain chemicals in the body.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Some medical conditions may interact with Desoximetasone Cream. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Desoximetasone Cream. Because little, if any, of Desoximetasone Cream is absorbed into the blood, the risk of it interacting with another medicine is low.
Ask your health care provider if Desoximetasone Cream may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Desoximetasone Cream as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Desoximetasone Cream.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Mild, temporary stinging when first applied.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); itching, burning, redness, or swelling not present before using Desoximetasone Cream.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
See also: Desoximetasone side effects (in more detail)
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Desoximetasone Cream may be harmful if swallowed.
Store Desoximetasone Cream at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Desoximetasone Cream out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Desoximetasone Cream. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Itisona may be available in the countries listed below.
Betamethasone 17α-valerate (a derivative of Betamethasone) is reported as an ingredient of Itisona in the following countries:
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Flukloxacillin Meda may be available in the countries listed below.
Flucloxacillin sodium salt (a derivative of Flucloxacillin) is reported as an ingredient of Flukloxacillin Meda in the following countries:
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Hexalgin may be available in the countries listed below.
Metamizole sodium anhydrous (a derivative of Metamizole) is reported as an ingredient of Hexalgin in the following countries:
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Texa may be available in the countries listed below.
Cetirizine dihydrochloride (a derivative of Cetirizine) is reported as an ingredient of Texa in the following countries:
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PMS-Dexamethasone may be available in the countries listed below.
Dexamethasone is reported as an ingredient of PMS-Dexamethasone in the following countries:
Dexamethasone 21-(disodium phosphate) (a derivative of Dexamethasone) is reported as an ingredient of PMS-Dexamethasone in the following countries:
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DESQUAM-X5 (5% benzoyl peroxide) and DESQUAM-X10 (10% benzoyl peroxide) brand topical therapeutic anti-acne cleansers contains benzoyl peroxide (5% and 10% respectively) in a lathering water base of sodium octoxynol- 3 sulfonate, dioctyl sodium sulfo-succinate, magnesium aluminum silicate, methylcellulose and EDTA.
The effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne vulgaris is primarily attributable to its antibacterial activity, especially with respect to Propionibacterium acnes, the predominant organism in sebaceous follicles and comedones.1,2 The antibacterial activity of this compound is presumably due to the release of active or free-radical oxygen capable of oxidizing bacterial proteins.3 In acne patients treated topically with benzoyl peroxide, resolution of the acne usually coincides with reduction in the levels of P. acnes and free fatty acids (FFA). Mild desquamation is another observed action of topically applied benzoyl peroxide and may also play a role in the drug’s effectiveness in acne.3 Studies also indicate that topical benzoyl peroxide may exert a se-bostatic effect with a resultant reduction of skin surface lipids.4,5
Benzoyl peroxide has been shown to be absorbed by the skin, where it is metabolized to benzoic acid and then excreted as benzoate in the urine.6
DESQUAM-X 5 and DESQUAM-X 10 Wash are indicated for the topical treatment of mild to moderate acne. In more severe cases, it may be used as an adjunct in therapeutic regimens including benzoyl peroxide gels, antibiotics, retinoic acid products and sulfur/salicylic acid-containing preparations. The improvement of the treated condition is dependent on the degree and type of acne, the frequency of use of Desquam-X Wash and the nature of other therapies employed.
This product should not be used in patients known to be sensitive to benzoyl peroxide or any other of the listed ingredients.
Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes. For external use only. In patients known to be sensitive to the following substances, there is a possibility of cross-sensitization: benzoic acid derivatives (including certain topical anesthetics) and cinnamon.
This product may bleach colored fabric or hair. Concurent use with PABA-containing sunscreens may result in transient discoloration of the skin.
Based upon considerable evidence, benzoyl peroxide is not considered to be a carcinogen. However, in one study, using mice known to be highly susceptible to cancer, there was evidence for benzoyl peroxide as a tumor promoter. Benzoyl peroxide has been found to be inactive as a mutagen in the Ames Salmonella and other assays, including the mouse dominant lethal assay. This assay is frequently used to assess the effect of substances on spermatogenesis.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with benzoyl peroxide (Desquam-X Wash). It is also not known whether benzoyl peroxide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. Benzoyl peroxide should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when benzoyl peroxide is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of 12 have not been established.
Adverse reactions which may be encountered with topical benzoyl peroxide include excessive drying (manifested by marked peeling, erythema and possible edema), and allergic contact sensitization.
Excessive dryness would appear to occur in approximately 2 patients in 50.
Pertinent literature would seem to indicate that allergic sensitization to benzoyl peroxide may occur in 10 to 25 patients in 1,000.7,8,9 There is one reference that reports an occurrence of sensitization in 5 of 100 patients.10
In the event that excessive scaling, erythema or edema occur, the use of this preparation should be discontinued. If the reaction is judged to be due to excessive use and not allergenicity, after symptoms and signs subside, a reduced dosage schedule may be cautiously tried.
To hasten resolution of the adverse effects, emollients, cool compresses and/or topical corticosteroid preparations may be used.
Shake well before use. Wash affected areas once or twice daily, avoiding contact with eyes or mucous membranes. Wet skin areas to be treated prior to administration; apply Desquam-X Wash, work to a full lather, rinse thoroughly and pat dry. The amount of drying or peeling may be controlled by modification of dose frequency or drug concentration.
Desquam-X Wash (5%): 5 oz. plastic bottle, NDC 10631-284-05.
Desquam-X Wash (10%): 5 oz. plastic bottle, NDC 10631-285-05.
Store at controlled room temperature (59°-86°F; 15°-30°C).
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| Marketing Information | |||
| Marketing Category | Application Number or Monograph Citation | Marketing Start Date | Marketing End Date |
| unapproved drug other | 08/27/2008 | ||
| DESQUAM-X WASH benzoyl peroxide solution | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Marketing Information | |||
| Marketing Category | Application Number or Monograph Citation | Marketing Start Date | Marketing End Date |
| unapproved drug other | 05/02/2008 | ||
| Labeler - Ranbaxy Laboratories Inc. (169932519) |
| Registrant - Ranbaxy Laboratories Inc. (169932519) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Operations |
| Contract Pharmaceuticals Limited | 248761249 | manufacture | |
Atenololo DOC may be available in the countries listed below.
Atenolol is reported as an ingredient of Atenololo DOC in the following countries:
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Proxigen may be available in the countries listed below.
Piroxicam is reported as an ingredient of Proxigen in the following countries:
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Aminalonum may be available in the countries listed below.
Aminobutyric Acid, þ- is reported as an ingredient of Aminalonum in the following countries:
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Caluniatin may be available in the countries listed below.
Kallidinogenase is reported as an ingredient of Caluniatin in the following countries:
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Soluciones Parenterales may be available in the countries listed below.
Potassium Chloride is reported as an ingredient of Soluciones Parenterales in the following countries:
Sodium Bicarbonate is reported as an ingredient of Soluciones Parenterales in the following countries:
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Clozapine-Hexal may be available in the countries listed below.
Clozapine is reported as an ingredient of Clozapine-Hexal in the following countries:
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Enalapril Perugen may be available in the countries listed below.
Enalapril is reported as an ingredient of Enalapril Perugen in the following countries:
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Paracetamol Alpharma ApS may be available in the countries listed below.
Paracetamol is reported as an ingredient of Paracetamol Alpharma ApS in the following countries:
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Lansoprazol Lareq may be available in the countries listed below.
Lansoprazole is reported as an ingredient of Lansoprazol Lareq in the following countries:
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Apo-Meloxicam may be available in the countries listed below.
Meloxicam is reported as an ingredient of Apo-Meloxicam in the following countries:
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Biperin may be available in the countries listed below.
Biperiden hydrochloride (a derivative of Biperiden) is reported as an ingredient of Biperin in the following countries:
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Omeprazolo ratiopharm may be available in the countries listed below.
Omeprazole is reported as an ingredient of Omeprazolo ratiopharm in the following countries:
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Tinidazol Ecar may be available in the countries listed below.
Tinidazole is reported as an ingredient of Tinidazol Ecar in the following countries:
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Heparin Na may be available in the countries listed below.
Heparin sodium salt (a derivative of Heparin) is reported as an ingredient of Heparin Na in the following countries:
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Kaliumchlorid-Lösung Bernburg may be available in the countries listed below.
Potassium Chloride is reported as an ingredient of Kaliumchlorid-Lösung Bernburg in the following countries:
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Medotam may be available in the countries listed below.
Piracetam is reported as an ingredient of Medotam in the following countries:
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Oméprazole Alter may be available in the countries listed below.
Omeprazole is reported as an ingredient of Oméprazole Alter in the following countries:
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In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
In the US, Garamycin (gentamicin systemic) is a member of the drug class aminoglycosides and is used to treat Bacteremia, Bacterial Endocarditis Prevention, Bacterial Infection, Bone infection, Brucellosis, Burns - External, Cystic Fibrosis, Endocarditis, Endometritis, Febrile Neutropenia, Intraabdominal Infection, Kidney Infections, Meningitis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Peritonitis, Plague, Pneumonia, Rabbit Fever, Skin Infection and Surgical Prophylaxis.
US matches:
Gentamicin sulfate (a derivative of Gentamicin) is reported as an ingredient of Garamycin in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Kormakin may be available in the countries listed below.
Amikacin sulfate (a derivative of Amikacin) is reported as an ingredient of Kormakin in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Navirel may be available in the countries listed below.
Vinorelbine is reported as an ingredient of Navirel in the following countries:
Vinorelbine tartrate (a derivative of Vinorelbine) is reported as an ingredient of Navirel in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Lacomin may be available in the countries listed below.
Ketorolac tromethamine (a derivative of Ketorolac) is reported as an ingredient of Lacomin in the following countries:
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Chenodiol (USAN) is known as Chenodeoxycholic Acid in the US.
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Glossary
| USAN | United States Adopted Name |
CSI may be available in the countries listed below.
Ceftriaxone disodium salt (a derivative of Ceftriaxone) is reported as an ingredient of CSI in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Floxyfral may be available in the countries listed below.
Fluvoxamine is reported as an ingredient of Floxyfral in the following countries:
Fluvoxamine maleate (a derivative of Fluvoxamine) is reported as an ingredient of Floxyfral in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Lantaus may be available in the countries listed below.
Insulin Glargine is reported as an ingredient of Lantaus in the following countries:
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Salora may be available in the countries listed below.
Loratadine is reported as an ingredient of Salora in the following countries:
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Anival may be available in the countries listed below.
Amoxicillin trihydrate (a derivative of Amoxicillin) is reported as an ingredient of Anival in the following countries:
Clavulanic Acid potassium (a derivative of Clavulanic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Anival in the following countries:
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Fluoxetina Teva may be available in the countries listed below.
Fluoxetine hydrochloride (a derivative of Fluoxetine) is reported as an ingredient of Fluoxetina Teva in the following countries:
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Drilix may be available in the countries listed below.
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (a derivative of Pseudoephedrine) is reported as an ingredient of Drilix in the following countries:
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Carbenicillin Sodium may be available in the countries listed below.
Carbenicillin Sodium (BANM) is known as Carbenicillin in the US.
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Glossary
| BANM | British Approved Name (Modified) |
Esvat may be available in the countries listed below.
Simvastatin is reported as an ingredient of Esvat in the following countries:
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Oncosal may be available in the countries listed below.
Flutamide is reported as an ingredient of Oncosal in the following countries:
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Apo-Oxycodone/Acet may be available in the countries listed below.
Oxycodone is reported as an ingredient of Apo-Oxycodone/Acet in the following countries:
Paracetamol is reported as an ingredient of Apo-Oxycodone/Acet in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Neloren may be available in the countries listed below.
Lincomycin is reported as an ingredient of Neloren in the following countries:
Lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate (a derivative of Lincomycin) is reported as an ingredient of Neloren in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Dominal may be available in the countries listed below.
Acetylsalicylic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Dominal in the following countries:
Domperidone is reported as an ingredient of Dominal in the following countries:
Prothipendyl hydrochloride (a derivative of Prothipendyl) is reported as an ingredient of Dominal in the following countries:
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Ketokonazol ratiopharm may be available in the countries listed below.
Ketoconazole is reported as an ingredient of Ketokonazol ratiopharm in the following countries:
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Metronidazol Grifols may be available in the countries listed below.
Metronidazole is reported as an ingredient of Metronidazol Grifols in the following countries:
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Toufilex may be available in the countries listed below.
Tenoic Acid sodium salt (a derivative of Tenoic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Toufilex in the following countries:
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Direktan may be available in the countries listed below.
Nicotinic Acid sodium (a derivative of Nicotinic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Direktan in the following countries:
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RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of essential and nonessential amino acids in a Pharmacy Bulk Package. A Pharmacy Bulk Package is a container of a sterile preparation for parenteral use that contains many single doses. The contents are intended for use in a pharmacy admixture program and are restricted to the preparation of admixtures for intravenous infusion.
Each 100 mL of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection contains:
| Amino Acids | 6.5 g |
| Total Nitrogen | 1 g |
| pH (pH adjusted with glacial acetic acid) | 6.0 (5.0 to 7.0) |
| Valine - C5H11NO2 | 820 mg |
| Leucine - C6H13NO2 | 600 mg |
| Isoleucine - C6H13NO2 | 500 mg |
| Methionine - C5H11NO2S | 500 mg |
| Phenylalanine - C9H11NO2 | 490 mg |
| Lysine (added as the hydrochloride salt) - C6H14N2O2 | 450 mg |
| Histidine - C6H9N3O2 | 420 mg |
| Threonine - C4H9NO3 | 380 mg |
| Tryptophan - C11H12N2O2 | 160 mg |
| Arginine – C6H14N4O2 | 630 mg |
| Alanine – C3H7NO2 | 560 mg |
| Proline – C5H9NO2 | 350 mg |
| Glycine – C2H5NO2 | 300 mg |
| Serine – C3H7NO3 | 300 mg |
| Tyrosine-C9H11NO3 | 40 mg |
| Acetate (1) | 60 mEq | |
| Chloride (2) | 31 mEq | |
| * Balanced by ions from amino acids (1) derived from pH adjustment with glacial acetic acid (2) contributed by the Lysine Hydrochloride | ||
| 3 mEq/L sodium bisulfite added as stabilizer | ||
| Osmolarity (calc.) | 600 mOsmol/L | |
RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection provides biologically utilizable source material for protein synthesis when used with appropriate calorie sources (such as hypertonic dextrose or fat emulsion), electrolytes, vitamins and minerals.
As a concentrated source of essential amino acids, RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection provides maximal protein intake with low volume administration. The essential amino acids are included as approximately 60% w/w of total amino acids. Each 250 mL unit of this injection meets or exceeds the recommended daily intake of essential amino acids. Nonessential amino acids have been included to meet requirements established in investigations of acute and chronic renal failure patients fed parenterally. The 40% w/w of nonessential amino acids includes histidine (considered an essential amino acid in renal failure), arginine, and other nonessential amino acids as additional sources of nitrogen that have been shown to enhance nitrogen balance and weight gain.
RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection is indicated as an adjunct in the offsetting of nitrogen loss or in the treatment of negative nitrogen balance in potentially reversible renal decompensation when the alimentary tract cannot or should not be used; gastrointestinal absorption of protein is impaired; or metabolic requirements for protein are substantially increased, as with extensive burns.
Severe uncorrected electrolyte and acid base imbalance
Severe liver disease or hepatic coma
Hypersensitivity to one or more amino acids
Decreased circulating blood volume
This injection is for compounding only, not for direct infusion.
Proper administration of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection requires a knowledge of fluid and electrolyte balance and nutrition as well as clinical expertise in recognition and treatment of the complications which may occur.
Administration of amino acid solutions to a patient with hepatic insufficiency may result in serum amino acid imbalances, hyperammonemia, stupor and coma.
Hyperammonemia is of special significance in infants. This reaction appears to be related to a deficiency of the urea cycle amino acids of genetic or product origin. It is essential that blood ammonia be measured frequently in infants.
This injection has no added electrolytes. Clinically significant hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia or hypomagnesemia may occur. Electrolyte replacement may become necessary.
Contains sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.
This injection should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility of pseudoagglutination.
RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection does not replace dialysis and conventional supportive therapy in patients with renal failure.
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicatesthat patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 μg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
It is essential to provide adequate calories concurrently if parenterally administered amino acids are to be retained by the body and utilized for protein synthesis. Concentrated dextrose solutions are an effective source of such calories.
With the administration of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection in combination with highly concentrated dextrose solutions, hyperglycemia, glycosuria and hyperosmolar syndrome may result. Blood and urine glucose should be monitored on a routine basis in patients receiving this therapy.
Sudden cessation in administration of a concentrated dextrose solution may result in insulin reaction due to continued endogenous insulin production. Parenteral nutrition mixtures should be withdrawn slowly.
Electrolytes may be added to RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection as dictated by the patient's electrolyte profile.
Strongly hypertonic nutrient solutions should be administered through an indwelling intravenous catheter with the tip located in the superior vena cava.
Care should be taken to avoid excess fluid accumulation, particularly in patients with renal disease, pulmonary insufficiency and heart disease.
During amino acid administration in the absence of supporting carbohydrate metabolism, an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood often occurs. Correction of ketonemia usually can be accomplished by administering some carbohydrates.
Drug product contains no more than 25 μg/L of aluminum.
Frequent clinical evaluation and laboratory determinations are necessary for proper monitoring during administration.
Studies should include blood urea nitrogen, blood sugar, serum proteins, kidney and liver function tests, electrolytes, acid-base balance, hemogram, carbon dioxide combining power or content, serum osmolarities, blood cultures and blood ammonia levels. Circulating blood volume should be determined, if indicated.
Studies with RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenesis potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection. It is also not known whether RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for adverse reactions, e.g., hyperammonemia in nursing infants, caution should be exercised when RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection is administered to a nursing mother.
Safety and effectiveness of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection have not been established by adequate and well-controlled studies in pediatric patients.
Clinical studies of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from other younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or drug therapy.
Administration of amino acid solutions and other nutrients via central or peripheral venous catheter may be associated with complications which can be prevented or minimized by careful attention to all aspects of the procedure. This includes attention to solution preparation, administration and patient monitoring. It is essential that a carefully prepared protocol, based on current medical practices, be followed, preferably by an experienced team.
Although a detailed discussion of the complications is beyond the scope of this insert, the following summary lists those based on current literature:
The placement of a central venous catheter should be regarded as a surgical procedure. The physician should be fully acquainted with various techniques of catheter insertion as well as recognition and treatment of complications. For details of techniques and placement sites consult the medical literature. X-ray is the best means of verifying catheter placement. Complications known to occur from the placement of central venous catheters are pneumothorax, hemothorax, hydrothorax, artery puncture and transection, injury to the brachial plexus, malposition of the catheter, formulation of arteriovenous fistula, phlebitis, thrombosis, cardiac arrhythmia and catheter embolus.
The constant risk of sepsis is present during administration of parenteral nutrition solution. Since contaminated solutions and infusion catheters are potential sources of infection, it is imperative that the preparation of the solution and the placement and care of catheters be accomplished under controlled aseptic conditions. If fever develops, the solution, its delivery system and the site of the indwelling catheter should be changed.
The following metabolic complications have been reported: metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, alkalosis, hyperglycemia and glycosuria, osmotic diuresis and dehydration, rebound hypoglycemia, elevated liver enzymes, hypo- and hypervitaminosis, electrolyte imbalances and hyperammonemia. Frequent clinical evaluation and laboratory determinations are necessary, especially during the first few days of therapy, to prevent or minimize these complications.
Frequent laboratory studies are necessary in patients with renal insufficiency. In renal failure, hyperglycemia may not be reflected by glycosuria. Blood glucose must be determined frequently, often every six hours to guide dosage of dextrose, and insulin should be given, if required.
RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection should be used with special caution in pediatric patients with acute renal failure, especially low birth weight infants. Laboratory and clinical monitoring of pediatric patients, especially those who are nutritionally depleted, must be extensive and frequent. See Children section under DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION for additional information. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose is required in low birth weight or septic infants, as hypertonic dextrose infusion involves a greater risk of hyperglycemia in such patients.
Adverse effects include metabolic, electrolyte, acid-base and fluid imbalances unless special care with monitoring and corrective management is maintained during RenAmin® (Amino Acid) injection administration.
Infusion of any hypertonic solution can result in local inflammatory reactions. Policies and procedures should be established for the recognition and management of such reactions.
If a patient is unable to take oral nourishment for a prolonged period of time, institution of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with exogenous calories should be considered.
Fat emulsion coadministration should be considered when prolonged (more than 5 days) parenteral nutrition is required in order to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Serum lipids should be monitored for evidence of EFAD in patients maintained on fat free TPN.
The total daily dose of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection depends on the patient's metabolic requirement and clinical response. The determination of nitrogen balance and accurate daily body weights, corrected for fluid balance, are probably the best means of assessing individual nitrogen requirements.
Nutritional management of renal decompensation includes providing sufficient amino acid and caloric support for protein synthesis while not exceeding renal capacity for excretion of metabolic wastes. A dosage of 2.5 to 5.0 grams of nitrogen per day with adequate calories will maintain nitrogen equilibrium in most patients with uremia. If more nitrogen and calories are required, higher dosages may be administered, provided great care is taken to avoid exceeding limits of fluid intake or glucose tolerance.
Dosage should be guided by fluid, glucose and nitrogen tolerances, as well as metabolic and clinical responses. The rate of increase in blood urea nitrogen concentration generally diminishes when infusion of amino acids is accompanied by adequate calories. However, excessive intake of protein or increased protein catabolism may alter this response.
The usual daily dose ranges from 250 to 500 mL of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection equivalent to 2.5 to 5.0 grams of nitrogen in 16.2 to 32.5 grams of amino acids.
Adequate calories should be administered simultaneously.
Patients receiving RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection should be monitored carefully and their electrolyte requirements individualized. Electrolyte supplementation may be required. This injection contains approximately 60 mEq acetate and 31 mEq chloride.
Electrolyte (phosphorous, potassium and magnesium) concentrations usually fall during administration of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection. Particular care should be taken in the presence of cardiac arrhythmias or digitalis toxicity to assure that these electrolytes are supplemented when necessary.
Pediatric requirements vary depending upon growth, nutritional state and degree of renal insufficiency. A dosage of 0.5 to 1.0 gram of amino acids per kilogram body weight per day will meet the requirements of the majority of pediatric patients. Initial daily dosage should be low and increased slowly. More than one gram of essential amino acids per kilogram of body weight per day is not recommended. The total volume of nutritional solution, and the rate at which it is administered, will vary with the child’s age, nutritional and growth state, as well as the degree of renal failure. See Special Precautions in Pediatric Patients for additional information.
Maintenance vitamins, additional electrolytes and trace elements should be administered as required.
Hypertonic mixtures of amino acids and dextrose may be administered safely by continuous infusion through a central vein catheter with the tip located in the vena cava. In addition to meeting nitrogen needs, the administration rate is governed, especially during the first few days of therapy, by the patient's tolerance to dextrose. Daily intake of amino acids and dextrose should be increased gradually to the maximum required dose as indicated by frequent determinations of urine and blood sugar levels.
Uremic patients frequently are glucose intolerant. Provision of adequate calories in the form of hypertonic dextrose may require the administration of exogenous insulin to prevent hyperglycemia and glycosuria.
Parenteral nutrition may be started at lower administration rates and with infusates containing lower concentrations of dextrose; dextrose content and rate may be gradually increased to estimated caloric needs as the patient’s glucose tolerance increases. The patient’s fluid, nitrogen and glucose tolerance should be the determining factor of the rate of administration.
Sudden cessation in administration of concentrated dextrose solutions may result in insulin reactions due to continued endogenous insulin production. Such solutions should be withdrawn slowly.
For patients requiring parenteral nutrition in whom the central vein route is not indicated, this injection can be mixed with low concentration dextrose solutions and administered by peripheral vein with fat emulsions.
Intravenous fat emulsions provide approximately 1.1 kcal/mL (10%) or 2.0 kcal/mL (20%) and may be administered along with amino acid-dextrose solutions through a short Y-connector near the infusion site to supplement caloric intake. Fat, however, should not be the sole caloric intake since studies have indicated that glucose is more nitrogen sparing in the stressed patient.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Use of a final filter is recommended during administration of all parenteral solutions where possible.
Do not use unless solution is clear and vacuum is present. Unit must be used with a vented set or a nonvented set with a vented spike adapter.
RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection in the Pharmacy Bulk Package is intended for use in the preparation of sterile, intravenous admixtures. Additives may be incompatible with the fluid withdrawn from this container. Complete information is not available. Those additives known to be incompatible should not be used. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When compounding admixtures, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly. Do not store any unused portion of RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection.
Solutions should be used promptly after mixing. Any storage should be under refrigeration and limited to a brief period of time, preferably less than 24 hours.
For compounding only, not for direct infusion.
1. The Pharmacy Bulk Package is to be used only in a suitable work area such as a laminar flow hood (or an equivalent clean air compounding area).
2. Remove outer seal and metal disc.
3. Swab surface of stopper using approved technique.
4. Insert vented connector of solution transfer set and suspend unit. Refer to directions accompanying set.
Note: The closure shall be penetrated only one time with a suitable sterile transfer device or dispensing set which allows measured dispensing of the contents.
5. Once container closure has been penetrated, withdrawal of contents should be completed without delay. After initial entry, maintain contents at room temperature (25ºC/77ºF) and dispense within 4 hours.
RenAmin® (Amino Acid) Injection is available in glass Pharmacy Bulk Packages as follows:
| 2A6222 | 250 mL | NDC 0338-0471-02 |
| 2A6223 | 500 mL | NDC 0338-0471-03 |
Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended the product be stored at room temperature (25ºC/77ºF): brief exposure up to 40ºC does not adversely affect the product, Protect from light until immediately prior to use.
©Copyright 1997, 2000, Baxter Healthcare Corporation. All rights reserved.
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